HBV infection

Epidemiology and Mortality
• Worldwide, chronic HBV infection affects approximately 7% to 15% of HIV-infected persons[Kourtis 2012; Zhou 2007]
• In coinfected individuals, liver-related mortality (Figure) was highest in subjects with lower nadir CD4+ cell counts and twice as high after 1996, when potent ART was introduced
Natural History and Diagnosis
• HBV is identified by the presence of specific HBV antigens, HBV DNA, and anti-HBV antibodies (Table 3)
Hepatitis B Vaccination