Summer conjures up images of backyard barbecues, pools and beaches, street festivals, fireworks, stargazing, and more. But summer heat can add to the problems faced by people living with type 2 diabetes. In fact, studies have shown that during a heat wave, emergency room use by people with diabetes increases. And while most people with diabetes are aware that extreme heat poses a danger, they may not always know when to take precautions.
If you have diabetes, the high heat and humidity of summer can be difficult for your body to manage. The Centers for Disease Control recommends caution when the heat index — which combines temperature and humidity readings — reaches 80 degrees Fahrenheit with 40 percent humidity.
Elderly people are at particular risk, but people of all ages with diabetes should be aware of summertime dangers. These include dehydration, heat exhaustion, and foot problems.

Diabetes and Dehydration

Everyone, regardless of their health status, should make sure they drink enough fluids during the summer. People with type 2 diabetes, however, face an additional challenge because when their blood sugar levels are too high, they may be passing more urine than usual — which means they are losing fluids more quickly. Add sweating into the mix and you have a recipe for speedy fluid loss. Certain medications, such as metformin (Glucophage), also increase the risk of dehydration.
If you are out and about on a hot summer day, make sure you have enough of these beverages on hand to stay hydrated:
  • Water or seltzer
  • Sugar-free lemonade or other drinks
Also, avoid alcohol and caffeine. Alcohol and caffeinated drinks are usually okay in moderation — but too much of either one can cause you to lose more fluids. And remember to bring along snacks in case your blood sugar drops.

Diabetes and Heat Exhaustion

If you’re going to be outside, be alert to these symptoms of heat exhaustion:
  • Dizziness
  • Fainting or near-fainting
  • Sweating to excess
  • Muscle cramping
  • Cold, clammy skin
  • Headaches
  • Rapid heartbeat
During heat waves and periods of high heat, find air-conditioned places to stay if you do not have central AC or AC in a room at home. Fans can also help.

Diabetes and Foot Health

Proper foot care is important for people with diabetes. In the heat, your feet can get sweaty and socks stay wet. Make sure your feet are dry and protected when you are outdoors — either with sunscreen or shoes that provide coverage. Check for sores daily.

Damaged Diabetes Supplies

Heat can affect your diabetes supplies, too. Insulin is particularly vulnerable, but all medications, glucose meters, and testing strips should be kept in a cool, dry place.
Never leave insulin or other medications in hot cars, direct sunlight, or other extremely hot situations. Use a cooler or insulated lunch bag to keep items cool. Testing strips, meters, and pumps should be kept dry and away from extreme heat. Exposure to intense heat may make them unreliable for later use.
Here are other ideas for coping with the summer heat:
  • Exercise in the cool. Staying active is an important part of managing type 2 diabetes. So in the summer months, plan your workout for a location or time of day that is cool, such as:

    • In the early morning
    • Indoors, with air-conditioning or fans
    • In the water
  • Check blood glucose levels often. Aim for checking four times each day and before you drive.
With the proper precautions, people with type 2 diabetes can get through the summer and enjoy summer activities with no worries.