Acute Coronary Syndrome :: Signs & Symptoms

Signs & Symptoms

The main symptom of decreased blood flow to the heart is chest pain, experienced as tightness around the chest and radiating to the left arm and the left angle of the jaw. This may be associated with sweating, nausea and vomiting, as well as shortness of breath. In many cases, the symptoms are unusual, with pain experienced in different ways or even being completely absent. Some patients may report palpitations, anxiety or a sense of impending doom and a feeling of being acutely ill.

Treatment

Treatment depends on ECG findings, blood test results and time lapsed between symptoms and presentation.
The main objective is to reduce or remove blockage to coronary artery. This may be achieved with medications which inhibit platelet aggregation (aspirin clopidogel) or coagulation (heparin) and prevent or reduce clotting. Oxygen starvation of muscle may be relieved with nitrates or beta blockers.
Blockages may have to be removed or reduced by insertion of a catheter into the coronary artery and dilation with a balloon. A more permanent effect may be achieved by inserting a stent (a device like a coiled spring which maintains an open passage in the artery).

Patient Management

Patients who have experienced ACS should be on permanent aspirin therapy unless contraindicated. Patients should reduce lipid intake, maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly. Patients should not smoke as this will greatly increase the likelihood of further problems.