Four major types of Kidney stones

types of kidney stones
there are four major types of kidney stones

1/ Calcium-based stones : the most common, radiopaque include
      * Calcium oxalate stones : found in acidic urine; dumbell-shaped or paired pyramids
      *Calcium phosphate stones : elongated, blunt crystals and form in alkaline urine

2/Uric acid stones :
      -Idiopathic or develops as part of hyperuricosuric states (Gout and myeloproliferative disorders)
     -radiolucent; found in acidic urine
     -Uric acid crystals exhibit a variety of shapes (needles and rhomboid forms being the most common)

3/Struvite stones contain magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate
    -forming in alkaline urine associated with urea-splitting organisms
    -Radiopaque
    -cam extend to fill the renal pelvis, taking on staghorn configuration
    -Struvite crystals on microscopy : a characteristic coffin-lid shape

4/Cystine stones :uncommon; an intermediate radiolucency
    -appear as hexagonal crystals in the urine
-